Blu-ray/DVD Review
Ingmar Bergman’s
PERSONA
The Criterion
Collection
A Mystery of Faces
By Raymond Benson
Much
has already been written about Ingmar Bergman’s 1966 head-scratcher, Persona—it’s been analyzed, dissected,
reconstructed, and debated, and it still remains a cinematic enigma, and a
brilliant one at that. Of all of the Swedish master’s challenging works, Persona is undoubtedly the most complex,
audacious, radical, and experimental film Bergman ever made. It’s also been
widely parodied and imitated. Its influence on other filmmakers, and on pop
culture itself, cannot be taken lightly.
Persona, which means
“mask†in Latin, is all about artifice. Bergman makes no pretentions that what
the audience is viewing is make-believe—it is an invented drama about
personalities hiding behind “masks,†if you will, performed for a camera that
translates the images onto celluloid. In fact, Bergman begins Persona with an extraordinary prologue
consisting of the arc lights igniting inside a projector and the film starting
to move through the sprockets. An extra on this new Criterion Collection
release is Bergman scholar Peter Cowie’s analysis and visual essay on this
first several minutes of the picture—and
it is enlightening for those of us who have studied and pondered over the
meanings behind the seemingly haphazard images (including an erect penis!) that
assault the viewer at the start of the film. It’s interesting to note that
Bergman’s original working title on his script was Cinematography.
Once
the story starts proper, we find ourselves in the sphere of two women. One, a
nurse (Bibi Andersson), is taking care of an actress (Liv Ullmann) who has lost
her ability—or will—to speak. They are alone on an island off the coast of
Sweden (it was actually filmed on Fårö, where many of Bergman’s pictures from the period were
made, and where the director lived and died), and go through a series of
emotional soul-searching moments together. That’s putting it simplistically. By
the end of the short film (83 minutes), the two women have exchanged selves. Or
traded masks. Or become one. Or maybe the characters were two sides of the same
person all along. Or... something. In other words, Persona is totally open to interpretation, and it demands multiple
viewings to fully appreciate. It helps that the film is immensely entertaining.
You can’t keep your eyes off these two incredible actresses who are giving
their all to us.
While Andersson had worked with Bergman
many times prior to Persona, this was
the first picture featuring Ullmann, who would also become a regular member of
the director’s “stock company†as well as his lover. Another extra in the
package is a feature-length documentary, Liv
& Ingmar, directed by Dheeraj Akolkar, which examines the remarkable
forty year relationship between the two. It’s certainly one of those great
cinematic behind-the-scenes love stories, like Burton and Taylor or Tracy and
Hepburn. Ullmann is breathtakingly beautiful in Persona, and, since her character is silent, her acting is
displayed entirely in the expressions on her face. On the other hand, the film
is a tour de force for the also-gorgeous Andersson, who talks non-stop. It’s
certainly the best thing Andersson ever did, and her performance was worthy of
Academy Award consideration (she did win other awards for the film around the
world).
What everyone takes away from Persona, though, is the magnificent
black and white cinematography by Sven Nykvist. His manipulation of light and
shadow is nothing short of magical. And the close-ups!
The tale is all in the up-close and personal examination of these women’s
faces. We’ve all seen the iconic stills of Andersson and Ullmann together, looking
directly at the audience... or the even more startling image of their two faces
merged. There have been many tight director-cinematographer relationships over
the years, but the partnership between Bergman and Nykvist was one of the most
profound.
And thank goodness for The Criterion
Collection’s new 2K digital restoration! The Blu-ray looks far better than the
MGM/UA edition that was released several years ago. Along with the
above-mentioned extras, the package includes a dual Blu-ray/DVD format; new
interviews with Liv Ullmann and filmmaker Paul Schrader; archival interviews
with Bergman, Ullmann, and Andersson; on-set footage with audio commentary by
Bergman historian Birgitta Steene; and the usual slick booklet jam-packed with
more photos, essays, and interviews.
Can you unravel the mystery that is Persona? Consider it a challenge, as
well as an opportunity to experience a cinematic wonder.